How Federalism Has Changed Since the Ratificationt of the Constitution Essay

Federalism has advanced through the span of American history. At various focuses in time, the equalization and limits between the national and state government have changed generously. In the twentieth century, the job of the national government extended drastically, and it keeps on growing in the twenty-first century. Double Federalism (1789â€1945) Double federalism portrays the idea of federalism for the initial 150 years of the American republic, around 1789 through World War II. The Constitution illustrated arrangements for two kinds of government in the United States, national and state. Generally, the national government managed national resistance, international strategy, and cultivating business, though the states managed neighborhood matters, monetary guideline, and criminal law. This sort of federalism is likewise calledlayer-cake federalism since, similar to a layer cake, the states’ and the national governments each had their own unmistakable regions of duty, and the various levels once in a while covered. The Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment (1861â€1868) Some portion of the debates that prompted the Civil War (1861â€1865) concerned federalism. Numerous Southerners felt that state governments alone reserved the option to settle on significant choices, for example, regardless of whether subjugation ought to be lawful. Promoters ofstates’ rights accepted that the individual state governments had control over the central government on the grounds that the states had approved the Constitution to make the national government in any case. Most Southern states in the long run withdrew from the Union since they felt that withdrawal was the best way to ensure their privileges. Yet, Abraham Lincoln and numerous Northerners held that the Union couldn't be broken down. The Union triumph hardened the administrative government’s control over the states and finished the discussion over states’ rights. The Fourteenth Amendment, confirmed a couple of years after the Civil War in 1868, incorporates three key provisions, which br eaking point state control and secure the fundamental privileges of residents: 1.The benefits and insusceptibilities proviso announces that no state can deny any resident the benefits and invulnerabilities of American citizenship. 2.The fair treatment proviso limits states’ capacities to deny residents of their lawful rights. 3.The equivalent assurance proviso announces that all individuals get the equivalent insurance of the laws Industrialization and Globalization (1865â€1945) The idea of government and legislative issues in the United States changed significantly in the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years. The national government accepted a bigger job because of two significant occasions: 1.Industrialization: The economy turned into a national, modern economy, and the government was vastly improved prepared than the states to manage this change. For a significant part of the nineteenth century, the administration sought after a hands-off, free enterprise financial arrangement, yet it started to play a more grounded administrative job in the mid twentieth century. 2.Globalization: Because of its tremendous economy and its broad exchanging systems, the United States rose as a worldwide financial force. The government accepted a more prominent monetary job as American organizations and states started exchanging abroad vigorously. In spite of the fact that these occasions happened over numerous decades, they arrived at their high focuses durin g the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933â€1945). The Great Depression, realized by the accident of the securities exchange in 1929, was one of the most serious financial downturns in American history. Numerous organizations fizzled, around 33% of the populace was unemployed, and destitution was across the board. Accordingly, Roosevelt actualized the New Deal, a progression of projects and approaches that endeavored to restore the economy and forestall further wretchedness. The New Deal included expanded guideline of banking and business and projects to ease neediness, including the development of the Works Progress Administration and a government managed savings plan. So as to actualize these projects, the national government needed to develop significantly, which subsequently removed force from the states. Agreeable Federalism (1945â€1969) Federalism over a significant part of the only remaining century has more firmly took after a marble cake as opposed to a layer cake as government authority and state authority have become interlaced. The national government has gotten incorporated with the state and nearby governments, making it hard to tell where one sort of government starts and different sorts end. State and neighborhood governments control numerous administrative projects, for instance, and states rely vigorously upon bureaucratic assets to help their own projects. This sort of federalism is calledcooperative federalism, or marble-cake federalism. New Federalism (1969â€present) Since the 1970s, political pioneers and researchers of the New Federalism school have contended that the national government has become excessively amazing and that force ought to be offered back to the states. In spite of the fact that the national government remains critical, state governments have recaptured some force. Richard Nixon started supporting New Federalism during his administration (1969â€1974), and each president since Nixon has kept on supporting the arrival of certain forces to state and neighborhood governments. Albeit political pioneers differ on the subtleties, most help the general standard of offering capacity to the states. New Federalism has taken solid structure in an assortment of strategies. New Federalists have contended for explicit cutoff points on government power, just as devolution, an arrangement of giving states force and duty regarding a few projects. For instance, the 1996 government assistance changes enabled states to spend administrative dol lars as they saw fit. Supporters guarantee that nearby and state governments can be progressively compelling on the grounds that they comprehend the conditions of the issue in their state. They contend that a one-size-fits-all program forced by Washington can't work as viably. Focal points and Disadvantages of New Federalism New Federalism advances to numerous individuals on account of its accentuation on nearby and state governments. Numerous Americans feel that the national government has gotten excessively meddling and unapproachable. These individuals champion state and neighborhood government as closer to the individuals and in this manner increasingly responsible. Be that as it may, Americans frequently need a solitary seat of intensity for certain undertakings. Contending nearby and state governments can mess more up than they settle, particularly during crises. For instance, the horrible storms of 2005 drove inhabitants of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama to request a superior, increasingly bound together national reaction. The Supreme Court and New Federalism The Supreme Court has assumed a New Federalist job by agreeing with state governments in various cases. Maybe the most notable of these cases is United States v. Lopez (1995), in which the Court decided that Congress had exceeded its clout in making firearm free school zones. All the more questionably, in 2000, the Court struck down pieces of the Violence Against Women Act (1994) for much a similar explanation in United States v. Morrison. In different cases, the court has decided that state governments can't be sued for abusing rights set up by administrative law. In general, the Supreme Court during the 1990s decreased the intensity of the central government in significant manners, especially comparable to the business statement.

The Balance of Freedom of Expression and Sedition Essay

The Balance of Freedom of Expression and Sedition - Essay Example The paper tells that numerous individuals have lived and kicked the bucket communicating what they accepted was a reality. Such opportunity of articulation may have been delighted in and abridged over history.â If reality encroached on delicate issues, for example, uncovering revolting facts about the administration and its activities against its kin, at that point there are approaches to shorten it. The First Amendment to the primary US Constitution, which was known as the Articles of Confederation, remembered opportunity of articulation for the bill of rights. Such opportunity has been deciphered in a huge number of ways. Some have utilized it to further their potential benefit and deciphered it as the option to examine the legislature, the option to condemn the administration, the option to contradict the legislature, the option to advocate the difference in the legislature, and so forth., which places the legislature in an awful light and prompt dread and uncertainty in the pop ulace. Along these lines, government endeavors to control such acts provoked the formation of more laws to secure its own picture and forestall widespread panic. During the war, the Espionage Act was ordered into law on June 15, 1917. Title I, segment 3 constrained the opportunity of articulation during wartime by pronouncing it unlawful to â€Å"make bogus proclamations that meddled with the military; to endeavor to cause resistance, traitorousness, insurrection, or refusal of obligation in the military; or to hinder the military selecting or enrollment services†. Pertinent to the press in this demonstration is Title XII which offers authorization to the postmaster general to announce unmailable any literature which is regarded abusing the law. One approach to control press opportunity was the standard for papers and periodicals to show up at normally expressed interims to meet all requirements for a below average mailing grant, which is commonly less expensive. In the event that the postmaster general retained only one issue from the mail, a below average license could be repudiated inconclusively, bringing about the distribution to come out sporadically. Disavowal of the below average grant makes it unfruitful to distribute on the grounds that the options of top notch and second rate class postal rates were a lot higher.

Ryan Nicodemus Owns Almost Nothing (Video)

Ryan Nicodemus Owns Almost Nothing (Video) When Mariah and I moved to Los Angeles, we asked ourselves, How much is too much? We discovered we can own almost nothing and still be happy, as youll see in this video tour of our apartment. Do we still own too much? Thats for you to decide. Let us know if we should declutter even more in the comments on YouTube. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Female Breast Cancer Awareness Female And Female Anatomy

Female Breast Cancer Awareness Introduction: Breasts are a natural organ in the male and female anatomy. It is a structure that is mainly used in the production of milk; to lactate. The female breasts are mainly composed of adipose tissue which contains a high amount of fat cells. The adipose tissue is not only contained within the axillary area of our thoracic cavity, but it also extends superiorly to the collarbone and inferiorly down to our ribcage as well. In women, within our breasts, we have lobules which are connected by the milk ducts that give us the ability to lactate milk exiting through the nipple making it possible for females to nurse. The location of those lobes and lobules are scatter within the fibrous and adipose tissue within our thoracic cavity. The breast anatomy of the male is fairly similar with the exception of the lack of lobules that are needed for lactation. The way nutrients are delivered to the milk in the breasts are from the blood supply traveling within the internal mammary artery which is jus t slightly beneath the breast tissue. Becoming informed about this inevitable cancer can be very helpful for yourself, family, friends, and the people around you. To be able to understand the causes, preventions, and treatment options for this common type of cancer mostly in women can aid in future needs. Cause: There are many causes to breast cancer from it being an inherited gene mutation to acquired gene mutations. Inherited gene mutations â€Å"canShow MoreRelatedGender Transition : Male And Diverse Population Of Patients1168 Words   |  5 PagesGender Transition: Male-to-Female Transgender Patients Nurses serve a wide and diverse population of patients. Identifying and understanding the transgender population is an area of little research and training for nurses. 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(Journal of Environmental Health 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast cancer is just one type of cancer. Cancerous cells are cells that grow without the normal system of controls placed upon them. Breast cancer develops from the mammary ducts 80% of the time. The other 20%Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1603 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s struggle in the 1900s, such as medical diagnosis and women’s roles. Over the years, women struggled to attain independence and freedom. In order to achieve these liberties, they were females who paved the way and spoke out about these issues to secure equal rights for women. In addition, these powerful females used their vulnerability to challenge the male domination through their literary work. 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Diarrheal diseases which result from microbiological contaminants), cancers (which can be caused by a long-term exposure to even relatively small amounts of carcinogenic compounds), and for sustainable development in any population. Productivity is hindered due to persons being unable to work for short and long-term periodsRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesuses fottage of cadavers, mutilated and burnt †¢ Lamabaste an entity or concept, one can choose to adopt and acridly acerbic tone †¢ Media conveys information conducive to public debate. If government restricts this, stunt social growth and awareness by limiting information available †¢ China: government blocks web addresses that contain opinions or sentiments that are anything short of in praise of them (online criticism is blocked, limits to what newspapers can print). Still forbids extensive

Mechanical Engineering Technology Degree A Possible Path to a Career in Biomedical Engineering 2019

A 2017 BBC world news report announced European researchers were developing a wheelchair that can be steered by brainpower. U.S. researchers announced in 2017 that they had discovered a way to grow new bone. These miracles of science and others in the world of medicine are made possible by the study of biomedical engineering. What is Biomedical Engineering? Professionals who have earned a mechanical engineering degree or a degree in a related discipline combine knowledge of engineering with biology and medicine to create solutions to problems in medicine and human health. Those who choose to specialize in biomedical engineering with their mechanical engineering degree also perform research on the biological systems of humans and animals. In fact, research and development makes up one of the largest activities within the discipline of biomedical engineering. What Jobs are Available for Biomedical Engineers? A professional who has earned a mechanical engineering degree online or through some other means may specialize in biomedical engineering to work in a hospital, a research facility, or an industry of some sort. As a clinical biomedical engineer, the professional with a mechanical engineering technology degree may ensure that safety standards are met for hospital medical equipment and may serve as a resource along with the IT department when products malfunction. .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:active, .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Persuing an Elementary Education Online DegreeBiomedical engineers in research and development test and design any number of products. Some major accomplishments in biomedical engineering that have already been contributed to society are insulin pumps, artificial organs, lasers for eye surgery, and pharmaceuticals. Areas of continuing research include manipulating genes in order to cure various diseases. Training to Become a Biomedical Engineer An undergraduate mechanical engineering degree, an undergraduate electronic engineering degree, or an undergraduate biomedical engineering degree can qualify a professional for an entry-level job in biomedical engineering. Core engineering classes are completed first. For example, mechanical engineering degree students at Warren National University may begin with courses such as engineering-math, physics, and vector mechanics. Later courses focus on subjects more specific to biomedical engineering, such as properties and selections of materials and machine design. Some prospective students with aspirations to work in biomedical engineering are choosing to earn a mechanical engineering BS degree online in order to maintain work and family responsibilities. Advances in technology have made it possible to earn a mechanical engineering degree online with many of the same conveniences of a campus classroom. College-Pages.com, the career and education resource, is one source of information that gives students access to extensive lists of available programs and education resources in a variety of fields, including mechanical engineering. .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:active, .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career Options in Computer ScienceHow Strong is the Job Market for Biomedical Engineers? As of 2017, there were only 9,700 biomedical engineers working in the industry. However, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the field will see job growth of 27% or more through the year 2018. The aging of the American population along with the desire for cost-effective, high-quality medical equipment will increase the demand for biomedical engineers. The only drawback for those considering this specialty with a mechanical engineering degree is the tendency of many positions, especially in research and development, to require a graduate degree as opposed to most of the other 17 engineering specialties. Related ArticlesCreating Alternative-Fuel Vehicles is High on the Priority List for Environmental EngineersMechanical Engineering BS Degree Online NanotechnologyThe Career Builder A Masters Degree in Computer ScienceOnline Engineering Education Career Opportunities in Food and NanotechnologyFind Science and Engineering Degree ProgramsFind Computer and Technology Degree Programs .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:active, .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 2 50ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ University of Phoenix Nursing 5 Characteristics That Made Florence Nightingale Into a Nursing Legacy

Depression Essay - 1448 Words

Depression Introduction Depression is a common illness most people are affected by. Every person has suffered through at least one depression episode if not more. Depression does not discriminate against age, ethnicity or gender. For some people, depression is so severe they feel like it’s not worth living. Other people feel generally miserable or unhappy without really knowing why. Definition Depression is a medical illness that involves the mind and body. It affects how you feel, think and behave. Depression can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems (Mayo Clinic, 2011). When Depression occurs, it intervenes with daily activities and lacks the feeling of any sort of joy or happiness. It also comes between social†¦show more content†¦Causes of Depression Many things may lead to depression but according to the NIMH (2012), cutting-edge research has presented new opportunities for studying people with depression. Brain-imaging technologies, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have shown that the brains of people with depression actually look different from those of people without depression. Also Emedicineheath (2012) noted, depression is â€Å"not caused by personal weakness and is not a character flaw. When people suffer from depression, chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters are out of balance†. Many people believe it’s a combination of family genes and/or a stress related event. Reported by MayoClinic (2012) Depression is more common in people â€Å"whose biological family members also have this condition†. Depression may begin with a simple difficult situation or a very big stressful event such as lost a loved one, had a baby, recently divorced, been diagnosed with a long-term disease such as diabetes or heart disease. Experts in Emedicinehealth (2012) suggested sometimes even happy life events, such as a marriage or promotion, can trigger depression because of the stress that comes with change (para 4). Depression can also be caused by hormones. According to MayoClinic (2011) Changes in the bodys balance of hormones may be involved inShow MoreRelatedDepression : Depression And Depression927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word Depression. Now that I am older I know not to use that term so loosely because depression is a disorder that is very serious. According to the Mayo Clinic Depression, also known as major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that causes a feeling of sadness and a loss of interest. Depression can cause physical problems because it affects how you think along with how you act. For example, you may not want to do activities that you normally would, due to this disorder. Depression does notRead MoreDepression And Sadness Of Depression1423 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Neighbors Winters English 1301.91 11 November 2015 Depression and Sadness Imagine you are in the middle of a monumental ocean surrounded by heavy, crashing waves. (TS) The sky is black, and the water is cold. Suddenly, the current pulls you under and you forget how to swim. You are desperately gasping for air, fighting the current, but you continue to sink uncontrollably. You scream and with every ounce of the little breath left in your lungs, but nobody hears you; nobody saves you. Your bodyRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn popular culture depression has become a thing that is seemingly almost sought after. A lot of youth use depression to have an edge or some kind of thing that makes them different. I feel like this ideology invalidates people with real mental illness and diagnosed depression. I say this but have also fallen victim to this aesthetic or aura that a lot of people portray. Although hard to define, depression can basically be summed up to be the lack of hope or courage pertaining to your life. It causesRead MoreDepression And Depression In Wurtzel931 Words   |  4 Pagesher life while dealing with depression and its symptoms. Having depression at a young age had affected her whole life and has made it difficult to act normal. Wurtzel expresses her sadness and copes in destructive ways such as cutting and doing drugs. The book goes on a journey of her life and the issues she goes through, meeting people, and dealing with additional problems. The novel’s main conflict is battling with depression and the urges of dealing with depression. I believe young readers wouldRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Adolescent Depression1290 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is an issue facing a large amount of people today. It has becoming increasingly known that a lot of depression begins to start in the adolescent years for many individuals. The social work profession is critical in helping this adolescent depression not lead to further depression in adulthood. To understand adolescent depression and what is needed to help people suffering from it, we need to further understand the prevalence of adolescent depression, the effects it has on teens sociallyRead MoreDepression1008 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Teresa Collick HCA/250 April 24, 2016 Depression has always been a major health issue going back for many years. Initially being called â€Å"melancholia† it appeared in the texts of the Mesopotamians in the second millennium. It was then thought of a demonic presence that required a priest to be in attendance. The understanding was that depression wasn’t considered a physical issue but a spiritual or mental illness. The BabylonianRead MoreThe Effects Of Depression And Its Effects On Depression1642 Words   |  7 Pages Depression, 2 Every single day, across the entire world, people are diagnosed with clinical depression. I think a lot of people tend to see depression as a excuse/reasoning for something they ve done. In reality, there have been many discussions done and research studies completed on depression to see whether or not it is genetically passed down or learned through experiences/influences. I think it is safe to say that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in depression. InRead MoreA Brief Note On Depression And The Depression2842 Words   |  12 Pages Robyn Lawhorn July 11, 2015 Psychology 100 Mrs. Fischer Hours Worked: 22 Major depression, also known as unipolar depression, is one of the most common mental illnesses. Over nine million adults each year suffer from depression. Many people don’t understand what depression really is, including myself until I did a lot of research over this subject. Major depression is more than a temporary state of being sad. It is a persistent state that can significantly impair an individual’s thoughtsRead MoreDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressiveRead MoreAdolescent Depression1112 Words   |  5 PagesDepression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious

Introduction of New Product in Mcdonald Australia Holdings

Question: Discuss about the Introduction of New Product in Mcdonald Australia Holdings. Answer: Introduction McDonald is one of the popular brands globally. The company offers its customers fast food that meets their personal need. It has branches all over the world and its headquarters are located in Australia. According to (The Economist Newspaper 2016), McDonalds restaurants stand amid American capitalisms biggest success stories of private organizations. In the year of 1948, they started with just one burger stall. Their prominence on quick service and a consistent menu has helped it to create to more than 35,000 shops around the world. It worked hard to survive through an unsteady period in the early 2000s. Later, the firms share price increased from $12 in 2003 to more than $100 at the end of 2011. The Economist Newspaper (2016) further, explains McDonalds has lost its sizzle. Worldwide sales have been dilapidated since at least last July. When the company declaired its yearly results on January 23rd, analysts think it will disclose its first full-year fall in like-for-like revenues since 2002. Due to high competition for its competitors such as Burger king, there is a need to improve services offered by the company and if possible, develop some new products that comprehend competitive products offered by the competitors of the company. This market research shows McDonalds dedication to continuously satisfy their customers by sustaining available products and possibly introducing new product in the market known as Make your burger. According to (McDonalds 2016), McDonald's is the world's foremost global food beverage service vendor with over 36,000 locations in over hundred countries. More than 80% of McDonald's restaurants around the world are owned and operated by autonomous local business men and women. The success story of McDonald has been supplemented by its supply and franchises known as the System. Their system has enabled them to Identify, evaluate, implement and scales their customer needs and come up with products that satisfy their customers preference. According to (McDonald 2016), the goal of this company is to become a contemporary, progressive burger company that can deliver an up to date customer experience. McDonalds SWOT analysis 2016 Strenghts Expanded income streams Brand status combined with market management Food menus modified to meet local preference Hugemarketing budget Effective restaurant management Weakness Variable menus in diverse countries Negative Reviews Critic of being a cheap place to buy fast food Low quality services and food Product are sold based on price rather than merchandisedifferentiation Opportunities Develop public image Develop McCaf network distinctly from the outdated McDonalds restaurants Develop improved McDelivery services Develop Make your particular burger service Target middle class in countries such as China Threats Increasing competition Political authorizations The unstable U.S. dollar and Euro exchange rate could affect the company revenue negatively. New implemented work regulations and food safety policies. Constant negative publicity Diminishing need for fast food Table 1: Findings of the SWOT table (Source: Shen and Xiao 2014) Strengths Expanded income streams As mentioned by, (strategic management insight 2013 2016) Sales of McDonald from its restaurants were US$16.488 billion or 64.9% of its total revenues. In 2015, their revenue from their franchise stores was US$8.925 billion which was 35.1% of the companys total revenue. The net income generated from various locations boosts the companys total revenue. Brand status combined with market management The market management comprehends with the brand management. McDonald has a good reputation of providing fast food to customers globally. Its marketing team and management team are working in hand with the production team to ensure that they offer their customers consistent services regarding the quality of their products. Food menus modified to meet local preference Another strength of McDonald restaurants is the fact that their marketing team is thorough to get details regarding preference of the local customer. This gives them the advantage of only manufacturing products that are on demand thus, ensuring fast sales of products produced. Huge marketing budget McDonalds holding have invested their time to market its Brand name which enables individuals to give it the first priority whenever they think of purchasing fast food. This is another advantage they have over their competitors. Effective restaurant management McDonald restaurants are well managed in terms of fast services and top notch technology. The embrace of use of debit cards and credit cards for payments is one of the best technological practice embraced in McDonalds restaurants that makes it easier and safer to purchase fast food Weakness Variable menus in diverse countries McDonald menus are not consistent in different cities/ locations. This always affects customers preference when one travels or visit a different McDonald store. Negative reviews Negative reviews from customers who have had bad experience with the quality of food produced by McDonalds holding affects the brand name. There is a need for the quality assurance team to work with the production team to ensure food produced meets the taste and preference of customers to avoid future negative reviews. Critic of being a cheap place to buy fast food McDonalds holding is known to offer cheap fast food. This makes it a favorite joint sport for the middle-class family (Gao 2013). This SWOT analysis recommends that the company should introduce the Make your burger to comprehend this critics. Low quality food service According to (The economist Newspaper Limited 2016), Sales in China fell piercingly after it was discovered in July 2015, that their suppliers were using expired and contaminated chicken and beef. More in recent times, numerous Japanese consumers have complained that bits of plastic and even a tooth were found in their food. Product are sold based on price rather than merchandise differentiation Products sold for customers are sold on a competitive market price rather than competitive quality products. Opportunities Develop public image Given that the company has the best advertisement skills compared to its competitors, McDonalds has a great opportunity to redevelop on its public image by improving the quality of food and services they offer their customers (Ghobadian and ORegan 2014). Develop McCaf network distinctly from the outdated McDonalds restaurants By expanding McCaf networks from separate traditional McDonalds the company stands out to have a chance of equipping the new McCaf with the latest food processing technological advancements which are more likely to deliver high-quality products to its customers. Develop improved McDelivery services The company should embrace McDelivery to customers homes and offices services. This is an additional marketing service that will attract buyers who prefer telecommuting to purchasing food and beverages from McDonald stores. Develop Make your particular burger service McDonalds holding should introduce Make your bugger services to customers. This will invite more buyers to come up with their creative preferences to order food that best suits their taste. Target middle class in countries such as China China has the biggest population worldwide. McDonalds is popular to offer cheap services to its customers. The company should take advantage of this opportunity to offer their services to the growing population of China middle class to get a significant number of sales of their products. Threats Increasing competition Several companies offering similar services as McDonalds have been developed and they are doing well in the market (Crawford 2015). This is a possible threats that if customers are not satisfied with the quality of food and beverages they purchase from this company, they might change their preferences to get similar services elsewhere such as in Burger King. Political authorizations According to (The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016), some Russian outlets were momentarily closed by food inspectors, when America and other countries of Europe raised their voices against Russia over its armed involvement in Ukraine. Some politicians demanded that the brand must be eliminated from Russia forever (Gayle and Luo 2015). The unstable U.S. dollar and Euro exchange rate could affect the company revenue negatively. The exchange rate for the euro versus U.S dollar has a significant effect on the Gross Income potential of sales achieved with McDonald company holdings (Xu 2014). The euro has dropped tremendously in Europe which is affecting the overall income generated from sales of McDonald products in Europe. New implemented work regulations and food safety policies. McDonalds Company works in hand with their clients to meet the government food and safety regulations. According to (McDonalds food safety 2010-2016) Partnership with suppliers is a serious part of McDonald's advance to adapt existing wealth and establishing new technologies that keep on guaranteeing food superiority and safety. Constant negative publicity This is another threat that is haunting McDonald retail performance (Paul and Roy 2014). However, it can be eliminated by constantly improving the quality of food and beverages produced and marketing of new products that meet customers preferences. Diminishing need for fast food Fast food is considered to have serious health hazards that affect the human body. The increased debates to diminish fast food is a possible threat to McDonalds Company Ltd. Recommendations From the findings illustrated above, we conclude that McDonalds is has been doing well as a fast food service provider. The targeted market for this company is the middle class. The company should focus on countries that have a significant number of the middle class and offer their distinct services in regions that have potential markets. The possible new product that the company should offer its clients is the Make your burger service. This gives its customers the advantage of creating their bugger using their most preferred respites offered by the company. This fact will generally attract more customers. The customer value to be embraced by customers while introducing this service to the market is to ensure that all recipes to Make your burger are top notch regarding taste and preference of the buyer. The company should also ensure that they offer their customers fresh products that have not expired to avoid negative feedback from customers as experienced in China. The new product suits the SWOT analysis by boosting the strengths of the company to offer unique service compared to its competitors. It complements the weakness of the company from the bad reputation of offering customers low-quality food to offering them food and beverages that meet their best preferences. Nevertheless, it creates an opportunity to the company to attract more customers who are interested in making their own buggers using the recipes that the companies offer. It also eliminate possible threats of creating burgers hat have excessive fats by allowing buyers to create their own burgers regarding fat content and calories that they believe suits their health effectively. Reference Crawford, A., 2015. McDonald's: A Case Study in Glocalization.Journal of Global Business Issues,9(1), p.11. Doria D, 2002., Management 222, (P.L. 1-17) Gao, Z., 2013. Revisiting the Golden Arches in China The Chinese Discourse on McDonalds between 1978 and 2012.Journal of Macromarketing,33(4), pp.288-305. Gayle, P.G. and Luo, Z., 2015. Choosing between Order of Entry Assumptions in Empirical Entry Models: Evidence from Competition between Burger King and McDonald's Restaurant Outlets.The Journal of Industrial Economics,63(1), pp.129-151. Ghobadian, A. and ORegan, N., 2014. A case study and interview with Jill McDonald CEO and President of McDonald's Northern Europe Division.Journal of Strategy and Management,7(1), pp.87-100. McDonalds Corporation, 2008. Marketing at McDonalds (P.L. 1-6) McDonalds report, 2009. Executive Summary (P.L. 1-33) McDonald's, (2010-2016),. Company Profile, (Online) Retrieved from:https://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/mcd/investors/company-overview/company-overview-segment-information.html Retrieved on 30th July 2016. McDonald's, (2010-2016). Food Safety (Online), Retrieved from: https://www.mcdonalds.ca/ca/en/food/making_informed_choices/food_safety.html Retrieved on: 30th July 2016 Paul, R. and Roy, S.K., 2014. Case Study 11: Marketing of Services: The McDonalds Way. InMarketing Cases from Emerging Markets(pp. 99-112). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Shen, Q. and Xiao, P., 2014. McDonald's and KFC in China: Competitors or Companions?.Marketing Science,33(2), pp.287-307. Strategic Management Insight, (2013-2016), Mcdonald's Swot AnalysiS 2016 (Online) Retrieved from: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/mcdonalds-swot-analysis.html Retrieved on: 30thJuly 2016. The Economist Newspaper Limited, (2016),. The Economist Explains: Why Mcdonalds Sales Are Falling (Online) Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/01/economist-explains-7 Retrieved on: 30th July 2016. Xu, Y., (2014). Understanding CSR from the perspective of Chinese diners: the case of McDonalds.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(6), pp.1002-1020.

A Lesson Before Dying free essay sample

He tagged along with two men who were on their way to a liquor store. The storeowner began arguing with them, and a shootout occurred. The storeowner and the two men died, and Jefferson was left at the scene of the crime alone with the gun. He was arrested and tried for murder. Jefferson’s lawyer argues in court that Jefferson is nothing but a hog, and therefore incapable of committing such a crime. The jury still brings back a guilty verdict. Upon hearing the lawyer’s speech, Jefferson’s godmother, Miss Emma, wishes for Jefferson to die like a man, not a hog. She asks Grant for help, as he is an educated man. He despises the wrongdoings done to his fellow black men, but he does not want to get involved in Jefferson’s case. However, after immense amounts of force from his aunt Lou, he agrees to try to help Jefferson. We will write a custom essay sample on A Lesson Before Dying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jefferson resists Grant’s attempts to reach him. Grant spends many uncomfortable visits in the cell with Jefferson. When Grant attempts to teach Jefferson about dignity, Jefferson insists that dignity is for humans, not hogs. He imitates a hog and tries to anger Grant with ignorance, but Grant keeps his cool. Each visit ends in failure, but Grant continues to try to reach Jefferson. On his fourth visit, Grant gets Jefferson’s attention with a conversation about his final meal. Jefferson admits that he wants a gallon of ice cream because he almost never had any. This conversation begins to break down the barrier between Grant and Jefferson. Grant buys Jefferson a small radio and brings him a notebook to write down whatever thoughts come to his mind. Jefferson promises that he will, and by Grant’s next visit, Jefferson has filled a page with thoughts on the difference between hogs and men. Amidst Grant’s visits with Jefferson, he regularly visits with his girlfriend Vivian for advice and comfort. Grant continually suggests that they run away from their hometown and their past in the South. The Reverend Ambrose is unable to reach Jefferson, and instead asks Grant to save Jefferson’s character and soul. Jefferson asks Grant if he believes in heaven and Grant replies that he does not, but his atheism does not make him a good man. In fact, Jefferson will save even Grant’s soul if he carries the cross like Jesus did. Grant explains that the blacks in the quarter have always been enslaved to white men, and that when Jefferson was called a hog, the entire black community was degraded even more. Now, Jefferson has the opportunity to stand up for his race. In March, the governor sets the execution date for two weeks after Easter. People young and old from the quarter come to Jefferson’s cell to speak to him. Jefferson realizes that he has become much more than an ordinary man, let alone a hog, and that his death will represent much more than he thought. Grant cannot find it in himself to attend the execution. At the time of the execution, he orders his students to kneel at their desks and pray for Jefferson. After the execution is over, Grant finds himself numb, heavyhearted, and crying. The protagonist and narrator of the novel is an African American school teacher in his twenties. Grant is intelligent and witty, but also a bit hypocritical and depressed. Spending his life in an extremely racist community has made him bitter. He has no faith in himself, society, or his religion-or lack thereof. He does not believe anything will ever change in the south, and that escape is the only option. He fears getting involved in possible lost causes. This attitude makes him demean responsibility, and he is testy against his aunt for forcing him to help Jefferson. Over the span of the novel, however, he learns to accept responsibility for himself, for his actions towards other people, and for his role as an educator and leader for change in his community. An honest, quiet, young black man of below-average intelligence, Jefferson is a normal citizen of Bayou. When his lawyer calls him a â€Å"hog,† Jefferson takes the name to heart and begins to consider himself a lowly barn animal far less than any human being. He becomes withdrawn and sulky, accepting his death sentence and therefore becoming a symbol of his oppressed people. Grant tries many times to fix Jefferson’s mental state. He believes that Jefferson can become the positive change the black community needs. One of the many themes in A Lesson Before Dying is redemption of one’s death. With its consistent references to Jesus Christ and his crucifixion, this novel implies that a man’s death can be a meaningful and even uplifting to a struggling community. Jefferson has had a quiet life, working as a plantation worker for years and never misbehaving. When convicted for a crime he did not commit, Jefferson is acting like the animal the whites think him. However, his death sentence liberates him, and he finds the strength of the Lord. By the end of the novel, Jefferson understands that by dying like a man, he is more of a man than any of the white men who wrongfully convicted him of murder. He knows that by refusing to surrender his morality in his final moments, he will uplift his community. For these reasons, he walks to his execution with his head up, and witnesses say he is the strongest man in the room. A Lesson Before Dying is a very inspiring novel for many young people on how their lives and the way they carry themselves affects their community. Gaines used commonly spoken southern dialogue in his novel to portray the characters in a very life-like and historical sense. Although the general aspect of the theme was well played throughout the whole story, Gaines’ pacing was entirely too slow for my taste. It seemed like the first fifteen chapters where very repetitive. Grant basically is arguing every chapter with Tante Lou about seeing Jefferson. The book could’ve been reduced in chapter size significantly. Once Grant started going to see Jefferson, however, the plot and action in the story started rolling.

The aging population of Japan Essay Example

The aging population of Japan Essay Example The aging population of Japan Paper The aging population of Japan Paper Japan is the oldest Nation in the world. The percentage of the population above 65 years is 19. 7%, which is 25. 2 million Japanese. This is higher than most of the other aging countries such as Italy 19. 6%, Germany 18. 6%, and France 16. 3%. This percentage has increased drastically since 1950 when it was 4. 9% and it is expected to reach 36. 5% by 2050. This obviously have a huge impact on the over all dependency ratio. 1 The average life expectancy in Japan is 81. 6 (77. 9 for males and for 85. 1 for females). In 2002 Japan was recorded to have the highest life expectancy compared to other developed countries such as USA, 77. 1 and Switzerland 79. 1. Japan, a country which had a life expectancy below most developed countries in the 1950, 63. 9, (partly due to World War II) has made advances in medical technology and improvements in sanitation. The increase in recent years is also due the fact that there havent been any major outbreaks of flu or other infectious diseases. Japans life expectancy is expected to increase to 88. 1 by the year 2050. Japan is becoming older and is losing its youth. The percentage of children aged 0-14 will be 14% of the entire population in 2005. This figure is slowly is slowly decreasing and has been for 50 years (1950s percentage was 35. 4%). This is because of the reduced fertility; people are too busy and decide to have children late. Japanese people work 1966 hours a year that is about 300 more hours of work than the Germans, who work on average 1590 hours per year. 2 More and more women are receiving higher education, 48% of the women continue on to higher education whereas only 42% of the men go on to higher education. Women who get a job and go on to higher wages dont want to get married and because if they dont get married they gather seniority therefore getting more pay. (The starting pay for men and women is about the same) 3 In the 1950s Japan had a population pyramid similar to the developing countries of today which is called expansive. Its population then was 83. 2 million. It had a large base to the mini baby boom between 1947 and 1949. Although there was a significantly large fall in each of the upward age groups due to high death rates and short life expectancy. The shortfall in the age group 30-39 was due to the casualties of World War II. Japans population pyramid started to look more like a developed country in the years to come; the base became smaller and the life expectancy rose rapidly. Japans population pyramid of 2000, is similar to most developing countries although it might soon plunge into the next stage very soon. Sweden which has reached a stage further than most developed countries has fertility as low as Japan. Sweden which once had one of the highest fertility rates is now falling rapidly. Its population in 2000 was 126. 9 million (more accurate population pyramid for 2000 at end of the essay). The population of Japan has not started to decline yet although it is bound to happen very soon. The population grew just 0. 17% in 2002. If the growth rate continues to shrink at its current pace the population will reach its peak by the year 2007. Also by 2007 the percentage of people aging above 65 will reach 20%, it will be the first country to do so. This is Japans population pyramid prediction for 2050. Its population will have started to decline considerably. More than one third of the population will be above 65 whereas only 13% of the population will be below 15 years. By then Japan would have gone through several problems due to its aging community. Demographers have predicted that 36. 5% of the population will be 65+. This is a national average; some regions in Japan will have a low aging population whereas others will have a high aging population. It has also been projected that by 2025 there will be communities where 80%+ of the population is 65 and over. This is also reflected in the median age of Japans population is relatively high compared to other countries, 42. 8. This obviously has an affect on the dependency ratio. Right now the elderly dependency ration alone (child dependency ratio is with children under 15) is about 30%. That would mean three working age people would have to support one elder. This is projected to increase rapidly in the coming years. In 2050 demographers expect the dependency ratio to be three people from the working population to support two elderly people. Tax revenues will cause problems for the working population, which therefore create problems for the government because of its huge deficit. .. There are several ways the government could control the aging population, although this would cost a lot. I think that the government should provide incentives for large families, two or more children so that the population should increase slowly and therefore increasing the youth population, raising fertility. This although take a long time, and couples would have to have time to take for the children and the hours of work would have to be reduced. The Government have been trying to reduce number of hours worked a year so that people that have more time to spend with their children. Another idea to increase the young population and have people have more children would be to import people from developing countries (probably skilled so that they would be able to level up to Japanese standards or they might just have people to do civil work). This would probably have an affect on the population, the people coming from outside would have larger families, even though the work load is hard because they believe that they should have a lot of children, therefore increasing the under 15 population. There is also the negative fact that the young generations might start bring dominantly foreigners. It the population is aging and it is hard to cope with, then they might as well move, export the aging people out, which has been happening recently. This would reduce the tax revenues on old people, and make the population younger. This of course not easy to do due to the cost needed to move the old people and etc. Increasing retirement age will not in theory affect the aging population; it would just reduce taxes for elder. Although this might have a physiological affect on the population and they might think of having children. The population might appreciate working for an extra 10 years or more, and hence it is not easy to pass such a law. People might be getting married, or living together and be sexually active but children are not being born because of contraceptives and abortion. Abortion should be made illegal, making people have children if they are pregnant. This might not have a great affect on the population, but it might stabilize the under 15 population or might even slowly increase. The problem is that if Japan continues like this and doesnt have more children and the percentage of people over 65 increases at a steady speed, the dependency ratio is going to be a one point is very close to one to one. This mean that the government will not be able to raise tax revenues to make the working population support the elders, but instead the population above 65 will have to support themselves, get their own medications. This means that the current working population will have to start saving up money because the government wont be able to pay for them. Thus the working population wont be able to spend money on children and remain childless, decreasing the population. (Didnt use this graph because you couldnt see the labels on a small scale). Country Year Child-dependency ratio Elderly-dependency ratioTotal dependency ratio Median age (years) Â  http://esa. un. org/unpp/index. asp? panel=2 (2005) 2 mofa. go. jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa. html 3 mofa. go. jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa. html Pictures- hino. meisei-u. ac. jp/econ/fnet/indexi. html.

Satire and Political Life in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Satire and Political Life in Canada - Essay Example Politics is a practise that has been practised for a long time in Canada, though it has incessantly evolved. Satire has been in practise for even longer, dating back centuries. However, the relationship between the two is more recent as the ‘freedom of expression’ has continually become more adhered to by the authorities. It can also be said that the accessibility of effective communication channels to the people has also made the relationship even stronger. Satire and politics have hence of late formed a bond that has got many understanding one through the other (Fisher, 2013). Perhaps the most famous Canadian of 2013, Toronto Mayor Mr. Rob Ford, brought out a new and more advanced context of satire in politics. It is fitting to use this example since many people can identify with it, and consequently understand the extent to which satire and politics are presently entangled. After the mayor admitted to using drugs, comedians from all across the country and in specific parts of the world were prompt to pick it up and bend the admission to their favour. In fact, so many picked it up that some audience started viewing Ford as a victim of mockery. It got to a point where people taking drugs got sympathy from a newly formed population with the mind-set that taking is a sickness rather than a crime (CBCNews, 2013). However, a majority of the people found the ‘mockery’ as hilarious and in a way understood politics through this perspective. It is a further emphasis on the burly bond between satire and politics in the current Canadian society. This is an example that most without the knowledge of the bond can use to realize what it is all about. However, it is appropriate to state that there are many more angles that the same relationship can be understood. The fact that views on political matters can be expressed freely means that the ‘limits’ of political satire are limitless. Some of

The Importance of Marketing for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Importance of Marketing for Business - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that marketing helps a business in creating value for its customers. Most companies today implement customer-driven marketing strategies which allow them to create value for target customers. Companies today identify and select marketing segments, develop products and marketing programs targeted to each and focus on the buyers who have more interest in the values that they create the best. They then decide on a value proposition by differentiating the market offering and positioning it in the minds of the target customers. The customer relationship management part of marketing is about maintaining and building profitable business relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Just as companies are being very choosy about which customers to serve, they are serving the chosen customers in a more lasting way. Marketing today has become an art of finding, retaining and multiplying profitable customers. Apart from helping companies c onnect more deeply with their customers, marketing also helps companies connect to customers more directly. It helps customers buy virtually everything without going to a store through telephone, online, mail order catalogs etc. In fact, such has been the success of direct marketing that some companies such as Dell only use the direct channel to sell their products. Marketing also helps businesses build strong, lasting and profitable relationships with customers through social media

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Uninterruptible Power Supply In the United Kingdom over the past half century, the use of electricity has been increasing year on year (Figure 1). This increase in demand means that the supply of electricity is becoming more critical to the consumer and how much everyday life requires the use of electricity. Disruption to the supply can cause major issues and potential financial difficulty to many consumers who require a constant supply. Electricity disturbances can come in many different arrangements which affect the AC waveform and influence electrical loads in different ways. Common disturbances are shown in Figure 2 Depending on the criticality of the load devices can be placed between the supply and the load to eliminate these issues. Common devices used to eliminate disturbances are Uninterruptible power supplies Power Filters/Conditioners Different UPS systems can be used to eliminate disturbances through different configurations and setups. Power conditioners operate to illuminate certain aspects of the disturbances but wont eliminate disturbances like interruptions UPS systems can incorporate power conditioners to eliminate all these common disturbances to help give a constant supply for consumers. 1.1 Aims The principle aim of this final year individual project is to design and build an Uninterruptible Power Supply to eliminate interruptions up to 5 minutes. On failure of the supply, the system will pick up the load and continue to provide power until the main supply has returned after 5 minutes 1.2 Objectives Research and develop an understand of existing UPS configurations Design and build a standby UPS system including An AC to DC rectifier to supply an input to a DC Buck Charger A DC to DC converter to reduce input voltage to charge retrospective batteries A DC to AC inverter to make an AC voltage of 24V RMS An AC to AC converter to transfer between the duty and standby supply Develop an Arduino interface to control and display UPS parameters including Control of the switching of the DC to AC inverter Control of the AC to AC transfer switch Manual Control of UPS Display of UPS circuit position Voltage parameter readings for AC and DC AC load current and voltage readings Battery Temperature readings Evaluate UPS and discuss further work 1.3 Motivation The motivation for this final year project has come from time spent on placement at Phillip66 Humber Refinery working on the maintenance of primarily double conversion and rotary UPS systems. Through this experience, it has given an understanding of the systems and an interest to design and build a UPS. 2.1 UPS Configurations An uninterruptible Power supply is a system designed to maintain power or provide power when the input power fails or is disrupted. A UPS can be designed as a DC or AC back up, but most common UPS systems in the UK are designed to give AC because this is how electricity is supplied through the grid. [3] An AC UPS output can be produced using either a rotating machine (Rotary UPS) or a semiconductor based inverter (Static UPS). Batteries are the main energy source for both systems but for rotary systems, other rotating energy sources can be used. The UPS configurations as shown in Table 1 shows the different arrangements of a UPS 2.2 UPS Operation 2.2.1 Rotary UPS The rotary UPS generally consists of a motor and generator set but how these are configured depends on of the type of rotary UPS. Fixed Flywheel UPS (Figure 3a) [3] [4] Mains electricity operates an AC motor that is connected through a specially designed flywheel to an AC generator to produce an AC output. While the motor is driving the generator the flywheel rotates which stores kinetic energy.ÂÂ   When the main supply fails the kinetic energy in the flywheel continues to turn the generator for a short duration until another supply is provided by a backup generator. Battery backed (Figure 3B C) Mains electricity is converted to DC to charge a battery bank this DC is then used to operate a DC motor directly or through an inverter to an AC motor depending on the configuration. The motor is then directly coupled to a generator to supply the load. Diesel Backed (Figure 4) This UPS operates similarly to a flywheel UPS in normal operation an AC motor rotates a flywheel to store energy while a generator is producing power to the output. Instead of an external diesel generator set being used a diesel engine is coupled directly to the AC generator to produce power when the main supply fails. 2.2.2 Static UPS A static UPS generally comprises of a rectifier, inverter and a battery bank, how these are configured depends on the type of static UPS. Standby (Figure 5) [5] [6] In normal operation, a rectifier charges a set of batteries and the input is fed to the output through a transfer switch when the mains fails the transfer switch changes to take the supply from the batteries through an inverter. Standby-Ferro (Figure 6) [5] [6] This configuration is very similar to the standby UPS but has a ferroresonant transformer to reduce the time loss of power on a changeover from main to inverter supply, this transformer stores energy in a resonant circuit which supplies up to a half cycle of power to allow time for the inverter to start up and provide power. Double Conversion (Figure 7) [5] [6] In normal operation, mains electricity is converted to DC to charge the batteries which is then inverted back to AC filtered and supplied to the load. When power is lost the batteries supply the AC through the inverter. The static switch is used in the event that if the rectifier or inverter fails the load can be supplied directly from the load. Delta Conversion (Figure 8) [5] [6] In normal operation two converters are used to regulate current and voltage, the series converter is used to control current and a parallel converter to control the voltage. The converter operates to maintain a constant voltage and current output. When the supply is less than the load requires the batteries are used make up the difference. When too much power is provided the extra is used to charge the batteries through the bi-directional inverter. Line Interactive (Figure 9)[5] [6] In normal operation, the mains is supplied to the output while the bi-directional inverter is charging the batteries. When the main supply fails the inverter changed direction and supplies the load from the batteries. 2.3 UPS Comparisons To gain a better understanding of the UPS configurations and their capabilities a compassion was conducted as illustrated below (Table 2). UPS Configuration Power Rating Range (kVA) Cost per VA Efficiency Application Standby 0 0.5 Low Very High Interruptions Standby-Ferro 3- 15 High Low-Medium Interruptions Double Conversion 5-5000 Medium Low-Medium Transient, Interruptions, Sag/Swell, Distortion Delta Conversion 5-5000 Medium High Transient, Interruptions, Sag/Swell, distortion Line Interactive 0.5-5 Medium Very High Interruptions Flywheel Rotary 25-2500 Medium Medium to High Transient, Interruptions, Sag/Swell, Distortion Battery Backed Rotary Medium Medium to High Transient, Interruptions, Sag/Swell, Distortion Table 2: UPS Configuration Comparison [5] 2.4 Project Reasoning A standby UPS system was chosen due to its low cost, its simplicity and because it covers a single disruption. This type of UPS is basic to remove loss of power and to bridge the gap between power loss and back up operation starting 3.1 Work Breakdown Structure and Network Diagram A WBS is a key project deliverable that organises work into manageable sections and is the foundation of any project plan. All the project deliverables are selected and organised into key areas of activity. [7] A network diagram shows the sequence of activities which are in the WBS in order of time, these are then used to develop a Gantt chart. The WBS (Appendix 9.2.1: WBS) separated the project into 5 main sections which were then subdivided to develop a network diagram (Appendix 9.2.2: Network Diagram) Research Design Programming Build testing Report/ Presentation 3.2 Project Plan A project plan was developed as a Gantt chart from the network diagram, the time scale for the project was set to begin in September and complete the development of the UPS by December. This giving two months before the deadline to complete final checks and adjustments. The project plan was reviewed weekly and updated as the progress of the project developed. 3.3 Monthly Reports A monthly report was conducted to record and document my project progress on a regular basis, each monthly report is attached in Appendix 2 Project Planning. This report involved a document of the work I had conducted the month before and also a plan of what I would be doing for the next month including a number of hours that would be spent. 3.4 Project Progress Review A PPR was conducted on Friday 2nd December by Dr Joe Cole this was designed as For the design and building of this standby UPS, it has been split into individual circuits to ease the understanding and to show the importance of each aspect of the UPS. The UPS has been divided as follows AC Rectification DC Inverter Battery Charging Transfer Switch Control of the UPSÂ   4.1 Bridge Rectifier (AC >> DC) 4.1.1 Calculation Theory An AC to DC converter is required to utilise the mains AC voltage to charge a set of batteries for use when the AC signal is lost. A rectifier circuit can be designed to utilise either full or half of the AC waveform, this can be achieved through the use of diodes or thyristors. Figure 10 shows the circuit configuration of a bridge rectifier which can use either component. The difference between using diodes and thyristors is the control over the voltage on the output, diodes give an output equal to the peak voltage of the AC waveform and thyristors voltage depends on the firing angle used to turn the thyristors on. To achieve a pure DC voltage filtering is required to remove the ripple of the sinusoidal waveform. Figure 11 shows how the DC can be filtered to give a pure DC voltage through the use of a capacitor. For this project, a constant DC voltage equivalent to the peak AC waveform can be used to supply the Buck Battery Charger because this will reduce the DC voltage to the required voltage to charge the retrospective batteries. For the purpose of this project, a diode full wave bridge rectifier can be used to supply 34V to the buck battery charger. 4.1.2 Simulation The circuit in figure 4.1.1 was modified to add a smoothing capacitor then it was built in Multisim as shown in Figure 9which gives the output as shown in Figure 13. 4.1.3 Building and Testing After simulation was complete the circuit was built on a breadboard so that its operation could be tested in practice before a PCB was designed. The practical testing is shown in Figure 14. It can be seen that the incoming 24V AC supply is changed to DC through the bridge rectifier which is shown as the peak voltage on channel 1 as 31.5 V DC Once the circuit was tested on a breadboard it was then produced on a PCB, this was soldered using the same components and tested to give the same results as in Figure 14. The PCB design and finished PCB can be observed below (Figure 15/16) 4.2 Inverter (DC >> AC) 4.2.1 Calculation Theory To convert the DC voltage stored in the batteries to make AC voltage a DC to AC inverter is required. There are three main types of DC to AC inverter which depend on the AC output waveform, these are square, modified sine and pure sine wave. The difference between the modified sine and the pure sine wave is that the modified sine rests on the 0 line for a small amount of time then either rises or falls whereas the sine wave goes straight through the 0 line. (Figure 17) For this application, a sine wave as close to the mains is required so a modified sine wave will be produced which will be filtered to make a sine wave. To change DC to AC an H bridge is required similar to that of an AC to DC converter. As can be seen in Figure 19 the switching of the H Bridge changes the current flow through the load and so creates AC. The issue with this circuit is that it will give an AC square wave, to adapt this to make a modified sine another bridge is required Figure 18to introduce a voltage step and make a multilevel inverter. Each bridge is use to add a square wave on top of each other so that an output Figure 20 can be produced. With an increase in H-bridges, this means an increase of switches and DC sources. The DC sources are required to make an AC RMS voltage equivalent to that of the mains input (24V RMS). The peak voltage of the AC waveform has to be matched by the total voltage of the DC, this means that a total DC voltage can be calculated by equation 1 which gives a value of 33.94 V. To achieve this voltage exactly through the use of DC sources would be hard so a voltage higher would be best through the use of four 9V or six 6V batteries used to get 36V, this would mean that by using six 6V batteries smaller steps are achieved but more bridges are required which would be more accurate than using 9V steps and having fewer bridges. To eliminate the repeated use of bridges a modified multilevel inverter circuit (Figure 21) can be developed to use 1 bridge and switch on each source as required so that switch numbers can be reduced from 24 switches to 10 switches. The reduction of switches can be observed through a comparison of the conventional and modified H-bridge. (Figure 21). For this inverter, it will be designed as a 13 level modified multilevel inverter which requires 8 control signals to switch on each 6V source and also to change the polarity across the load. 4.2.2 Simulation A 13 level modified cascaded inverter was built in Multisim using 8 pulsed signals that represent the signals obtainable from the microcontroller. This gives a modified sine wave output that is operating at 50Hz with a peak to peak of 72 V. 4.2.3 Testing 4.3 Battery Charger (DC >> DC) 4.3.1 Calculation Theory To charge the six 6 V batteries for the inverter and single 12-volt battery to supply the Arduino it is required to reduce the 34V produced from the AC rectifier to a suitable level for the retrospective batteries to charge. This is normally 1.15 times the voltage of the rated battery voltage which gives 6.9 volts and 13.8 volts which are confirmed in the datasheet for each battery. To reduce the DC voltage a chopper circuit is required, these can be categorised as either switched or linear, and to understand the characteristic a comparison of both is shown below [8] (Table 3). Linear Switched Function Can only reduce voltage Can increase or decrease voltage depending on design Efficiency As difference in voltage increases efficiency decreases High efficiency Complexity Low usually only requiring a regulator and capacitors Medium to high due to inductor, capacitor calculations Cost Low Medium to high depending on design Output Ripple Low Medium to high due to switching rate Table 3: Chopper Comparison [8] For best efficiency a switched inverter will be used, this is required to give each battery half an amp of current at 6.9 Volt and 13.8 volts. 4.3.2 Simulation 4.3.3 Testing 4.4 Transfer Switch (AC >> AC) 4.4.1 Calculation Theory An AC to AC converter is required to change the supply to the output between mains voltage and back up supply from the DC AC inverter. This type of AC converter works as a switch to turn either AC source on respectively when it is required (Figure 23), other types of AC to AC converter can be used to change aspects of the AC waveform but this is not required in this application. A contactor or a semiconductor device circuit can be designed to make this transfer switch, each of which has its advantages but for this project, a semiconductor device was used, the common devices use to make an AC AC converter are SCRs or thyristors. To utilise either device a double circuit of back to back devices is used so that each half of the cycle is seen at the output. (Figure 24). To prevent using 2 SCRs or thyristors back to back, a triac can be used to do this job instead. This means that the use of two triacs with a common output and separate inputs can be used as a transfer switch. (Figure 25) 4.4.2 Simulation To show the operation of the transfer switch 2 different AC signals of different frequencies are used to show the transfer. (Figure 26). When the control signal is supplied to Triac 1 the output waveform is shown as 25Hz but when the control signal is changed to Triac 2 the output changes to 50Hz. (Figure 27) To isolate the Triac from the microcontroller an optocoupler will be used so that in the event of a fault the microcontroller doesnt come in contact with the AC voltage 4.4.3 Testing The transfer switch was built on a prototyping board using two TIC246M Triacs which are then operated through two MOC3021 triac optocouplers, these use the AC signal to turn on each triac. To test the transfer switch a method similar to that of the simulation was adopted, but instead of using 2 different frequencies, 2 different phases where used then the output was compared to each to show that the transfer switch is operational. Due to the risk of shorting two phases if an issue occurred each side of the transfer switch was tested for operation individually. Once this was tested and operational the input signal for each phase was placed on channel 1 and 2 of the oscilloscope and the output positioned on channel 3. (Figure 28). This meant that as each triac was turned on it could be compared with the corresponding input to ensure the triac was operating as required. As we see below figure 4.4.3.2 shows the output when triac 1 is operating and figure 4.4.3.3 shows when the second is operational. When the transfer switch was tested and operational a PCB design was developed on circuit wizard, this also incorporated a CT to measure the output current and a bridge rectifier chip to take a reading of the output voltage peak voltage. These would be sent to the microcontroller to display.

Electronic Security Essay -- Internet Technology Essays

Electronic Security Have you ever wondered what happens to your credit card number when it's sent through a "secure" server to Yahoo or Amazon? Have you ever wondered: Is my data safe? Unfortunately no activity on the Internet is private or secure. Anything stored on a home system is completely vulnerable to the outside world (unless of course the system is isolated from the Internet). Another thing to think about is the fact that any data on any type of disk can be salvaged. So if a corrupt disk is discarded, the data can be recovered with the right tools. The same is true with computer hard drives, flash memory, compact Disks etc... There are actually people who recover data for their income. These people usually don't discriminate against one customer or another they just extract the data and hand it to them on a silver platter. In the movie The Net Ms. Bennett (Sandra Bullock) works for a software company. She beta tests and de-bugs programs. She finds dangerous information that ultimately launches her into an epic battle against a group of terrorist hackers, the stakes: her life and identity. Could this really happen? In theory, someone's life could be screwed up and/or stolen. To gain control of a whole country's databases and networks would require a better-laid plan than the plot in the movie. In order to have access to secure national data; a very powerful decrypting program would be needed, as well as a way to cover up the point of ingress. Having a contact on the "inside" wouldn't hurt either. The movie plot seems a little far-fetched. World domination is not as easy as Hollywood makes it out to be. In the real world most network hacking is used to cover up secret events and information, which could pos... ...oice is to be careful with the information released to the public, forcing anyone who wishes harm to work for the information. Electronic security is a false notion, due to the fact that humans created the code or encryption in the first place. So other humans could also think up ways to break or modify other People's work. It is impossible to make a code so amazing that it is unbreakable. If it is invented by a human mind, it can be understood and used by another human mind, in time. Works Cited The Net. Screenplay by John Brancato, Michael Ferris. Dir. Irwin Winkler. Perf. Sandra Bullock, Ray McKinnon, Jeremy Northam. Columbia Pictures, Winkler Films. 1995. Holeton, Richard. Composing Cyberspace: Identity, community, and knowledge in the electronic age. New York, San Francisco, St. Louis: Stanford University, 1998 (Wolves of the plateau. 132-142)

Portfolio: Big five Personality Traits and Oliver P. John Essay

1. Introduction The purpose of this portfolio is to reflect on my experiences and learning’s whilst studying BSB124- Working in Business, particularly what I have learnt about my Intrapersonal and Interpersonal competencies. I will explore my personality trains through the use of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and explain how they can be beneficial/detrimental to my future career goal. 2. Intrapersonal Intrapersonal effectiveness is defined as â€Å"Understanding yourself (and your goals, strengths, weaknesses, style, biases) and improving self-management skills, such as time management and stress management† (De Janasz, Wood, Gottschalk, Dowd and Schneider 2006, p. 3). 2.1 The Big Five Inventory The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a personality assessment tool, which has five dimensions including Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism (Costa and McCrae, 1992). Research has been conducted to explain how people with varying levels of these traits will perform within the workplace. Research conducted, shows that conscientiousness and emotional stability are positively correlated with job performance in virtually all jobs (Anderson and Viswesvaran 1998; Barrick and Mount 1991; Salgado 1997; Tett et al. 1991), extraversion has been found to be related to job performance in occupations where interactions with others are a significant portion of the job (Barrick and Mount 1991; Mount et al. 1998), agreeableness is said to be positively associated to ratings of teamwork, and openness to experience has been positively related to training performance (Barrick and Mount 1991; Salgado 1997). As you will see in Appendix 1, I am highest in agreeableness, followed by extraversion then openness to experience, with my lowest ratings being conscientiousness and neuroticism. These results are important, as I see myself working as a Public Relations representative for a large, international corporation within the next five (5) to ten (10) years (preferably for a charity organisation such as Ronald McDonald House  Charities). My personality test scores indicate that I am sympathetic, modest, straightforward, sociable, enthusiastic, imaginative, confident and even-tempered; however, I am not very thorough, and there is definitely room for improvement with my organizational skills (Costa and McCrae 1992). According to the handbook of personality (Oliver P. John et al.), being high in extraversion means that I very sociable and am suitable for positions of leadership. This is relevant to my long-term career goal, as research conducted on seek.com shows that leadership qualities as well as social/networking skills, are valuable within the Public relations industry (see Appendix 2 for job advertisements). Further research into the requirements of obtaining a position within the Public Relations industry would indicate that task and goal directed behaviour; as well strong organizational skills are required. These qualities are consistent with the personality trait of conscientiousness. As mentioned previously, my personality test scores indicate that conscientiousness is an area in which has room for improvement. I feel that my personality profile reflects many strengths as well as weaknesses, especially in terms of my likely workplace performance. As mentioned throughout this section, I am high in agreeableness and extraversion, and low in conscientiousness. These results are consistent with my experiences within BSB124, especially throughout the group presentation, as I believe that I did a good job in motivating my team and helping others. Although our overall grade was a six (6), I feel that we would have achieved better results had I organized my time appropriately and practiced my part of the speech more thoroughly (I did the introduction, and had to start over as I had lost my place roughly thirty (30) seconds in). As mentioned previously, I intend on obtaining a position within a large international organisation. I believe that my low level of conscientiousness will hinder my success in this environment, and therefore, see it as an area that I can focus on to further my professional development. I believe that my high level of agreeableness and openness to experience will be helpful,  especially as I will be working with a wide variety of people from all kinds of backgrounds/nationalities. A high level of agreeableness means that I will work well in a team environment (Oliver P. John et al.) and a high level of openness to experience suggests that I am willing to learn and try new things (Oliver P. John et al.). This is significant when working with people from different cultures, I don’t know how to word this, I am trying to say that I may see something as conventional; however, someone with a different background will see it as strange- hence I will need to be able to adapt my methods when working overseas. 2.2 Learning goal and related activity I intend to develop a number of competencies associated with conscientiousness- mainly organisation, but also self-discipline. I will do this by setting myself S.M.A.R.T goals (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound). The development of these competencies will help me to achieve my long-term career goal. 3. Interpersonal Interpersonal effectiveness is defined as â€Å"the ability to manage conflict, to build and manage high-performance teams, to conduct efficient meetings, to coach and counsel employees, to provide negative feedback in constructive ways, to influence others’ opinions, and to motivate and energize employees† (Whetten & Cameron 2011, p.130). 3.1 Self-perception Inventory â€Å"A team is not a bunch of people with job titles, but a congregation of individuals, each of whom has a role which is understood by other members. Members of a team seek out certain roles and they perform most effectively in the ones that are most natural to them† (Belbin, 1981). The Self-perception Inventory (SPI) was created to give individuals a â€Å"simple means of assessing their best team roles† (Belbin, 1981). It is difficult to work effectively with people without some reasonable expectations of how  they are going to perform. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the SPI makes each individual aware of their preferred role when working in teams. This then allows them to focus on their strengths and improve on their weakness. During his research, Meredith found that each of the behaviours were essential in getting the team successfully from start to finish. The key was balance. For example, Meredith Belbin found that a team with no Plants struggled to come up with the initial spark of an idea with which to push forward. However, once too many Plants were in the team, bad ideas concealed good ones and non-starters were given too much airtime. Similarly, with no Shaper, the team ambled along without drive and direction, missing deadlines. With too many Shapers, in-fighting began and morale was lowered. A Summary of my SPI results is in Appendix 3. Results of the SPI indicate that my two preferred team roles are Shaper and Company Worker. A shaper can be defined as someone who has a drive and readiness for challenge, can strive under pressure and is seen as a leadership figure; however, they can be prone to provocation and can be seen as rude and impatient (Belbin, 1981). A Company Worker is someone who is hard working, self-disciplined, organized and practical, but be seen as inflexible and unresponsive (Belbin 1981). I believe that these results are an accurate reflection of my personality, and are consistent both with my experiences within BSB124 as well as within the workplace. I will need to focus on my weaknesses, as addressed through the SPI, should I wish to be successful in both university and future career development. As with my intrapersonal learning goals, I will use S.M.A.R.T goals to address the weaknesses above. My results from Belbin’s inventory, combined with my personality profile, and work experience suggests that, in groups I am likely to engage in a confrontational conflict resolution style. Research indicates that Asian cultures tend to prefer non-confrontational conflict styles, and as a result tend to react defensively when confronted in conflict situations (Rahim & Blum; Ting-Toomey et al., 1991). As I hope to work in a large, international organisation in the future and it is likely I will be dealing with individuals from Asian cultures, I therefore need to adjust my conflict  style accordingly. Thus, again using the SMART goals specified in section 2.2, I envisage that a more agreeable, empathetic nature will help me engage in more appropriate conflict resolution styles when necessary. 3.2 SPARK analysis

Leadership Is The Way An Individual Leads And Influence On...

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